#21。new media: determining or determined? 1_2 (o71129)

1.6.1 the status of McLuhan and Williams

Marshall McLuhan & Raymond Williams talk about very different theorists of media.
But between McLuhan and Williams is different.
McLuhan says new media change everything.
Williams tells media can only take effect through already present social processes and sustain existing power relations.
There are the status of McLuhan and Williams.
One thing is Mainstream of media studies played technological elements medium has.
And Williams and Mcluhan carried out their influential work in the 1960s and 1970s.
Marshall McLuhan’s major works are “The medium is the message” and “global village”.

People call opposite of popular culture 'Central culture'.
What does mean central?
I think it comes from people’s an idea.
Central likes traditional and good.
But I think popular also is good.
Culture never comes into popular.

#20。determining or determined? 1 _1(o71127)

1.5.5 the return of the Frankfurt school critique in the popularisation of new media & conclusion

The ‘culture industry’, the end of democratic participation and critical distance, is Strinati and Alan Meek.
Mass society critics feared four things.
First, the debasement and displacement
Second, the erosion of high cultural traditions
Third, loss of the ability of these cultural traditions to comment critically on society 's values
Last, the indoctrination and manipulation.
Totalitarianism is Fascism and Stalinism.
It appears upon standardization, political indoctrination.
And people are controlled 3S, sex, screen, sports.
In those days popular culture grows up!!!
Because of viewer are getting more.
The ‘mere’ consumer comes from tyranny of market.
I think couch potato is good case.
Active looking back to a pre-mass culture are the recovery of community, the removal of central authority, control, online publishing and virtual communities.
The Brechtian avant-garde and lost opportunitiesv are Bertolt Brecht and Walter Benjamin.
Bertolt Brecht says the Radio as an apparatus of communication.
He also speaks two-way channels of communication in radio.
I think nowadays radio web service offers listener to bring into relationship.
Web service is real-time. So listener can send their tales that time.
Walter Benjamin talks about “aura”.
The “aura” means quality or feeling that seems to surround a person or place or to come from them.
I think aura made by popular culture.
In terms of the amazing novelty of the possibilities that are opening up.
But fails to help us understand what is happening around us.

#19。who was dissatisfied with old media?_2 (o71122)

1.5.3 the discursive construction of new media & conclusion

Discursive is 담론.
Post-structuralist the theory is that language does not merely describe a pre-given reality.
Language operates as microscopes, telescopes and cameras.
Discourses construct their object.
Film and cinema entered a world of handmade images and early kinds of still photographic image, produced theatrical spectacles.
It continued Panorama and dinomara.
And it sophisticated technological visual culture.
For visual culture, we studied images.
I think the language couldn’t communicate correct mean.
But also I don’t think that image always deliveries significance.
Image include thinking that people makes it.
So I think media couldn’t delivery everything.

Why do we need to consider on discursive construction of new media?
Main goals of media archeological approach the study of the cyclically repeating elements guiding the development is related to dejavu.

#18。who was dissatisfied with old media?_1 (o7112o)

1.5.1 the question

This book asks “What is the problem to which new communication media are the solution?”
This talk we can find media framework, made unclear.
Even if the media’s surface is looked very good but its inside is very bad.
I think these things come from society atmosphere.
Superiority of new media is merely retrospective projections or post hoc rationalizations change.
Never new media is not superiority.
It is shaped our consciousness.
I think we have a great notion that new is very good!!!!
Always we like new thing than old thing.
Some people like something, because at discretion.



1.5.2 the technological imaginary

The technological imaginary belongs to psychoanalytic theory.
I think most of us may think that technological imaginary is comprised in science or technology.

We experience various new media, change more.
And I think we would feel our displaced.
For example,. telephone invades the domestic privacy. And email eradicates the time for reflection.
Specially, in this cell-phone case, it is more domestic privacy than telephone.
I think that not for anything in the world new is always good.

#17。what kind of history? 2_2 (o71115)

1.4.4 a sense of deja vu & conclusion


New media have been received have caused several media historians to record a sense of déjà vu.
The déjà vu feels that we have been here before.
Photography and cinema have been used to contextualize the widespread technophilia of the contemporary moment.
In here, the technophilia means technology love, an antonym is technophobic.
Existing body of media history are literacy, the printing press, the book, photography, film, television and music.
The memory couldn’t deliver that time which situation happen.
To the contrary there were two people in same time, situation, each people remembered another situation.
That is memory is not correct.
I think people remembered oneself position.

‘New’ in new media which makes history so important.
Our review of media histories share with other media, and between what they can do and what is ideological in our reception of new media.
I believe that new media comes from understanding old media.

#16。what kind of history? 2_1 (o71113)

1.4.3 the return of the middle ages and other media archaeologies


Today we learned to return of the Middle Ages and other archaeologies.
William says that we can make sense of relation between remote times and the present through the idea that a culture contains dominant, residual, and emergent elements.
That is we can make sense new media if we know past media.
Robin says that about the past media, think in non-technological ways about the past and to recognize what 'modern culture has repressed and disavowed'.
In fact, I didn’t remember media’s history, and I asked why we learn to return thing.
But through this class, I realize why we learn history.
Discovery of the kind of historical precedents for media is opportunities of develop new media.

#15。what kind of history? 1 _2 (o711o8)

1.4.2 new media and the modernist concept of progress

The modernist means to do respect and not to equal the avant-garde.
Thought about new media is replete with a sense of a deferred future.
The view of modernist aesthetic are medium has its own kind of essence and comes into its own.
Medium has to be genuinely new from the past & old media.
The medium developed from egg white on cave to oil painting and acrylic on canvas.
From cave to canvas is the modernism and from oil painting to acrylic is the avant-garde.
Oil painting and acrylic are not same but both paint on canvas.
Steve Holzmann takes the view that most existing uses of new media fail to ‘exploit those special qualities.
He represents the modernist viewpoint.
New it has to make a radical break with the past.
Greenberg did not think that modern art media should or could break with the past in any simple sense.
Medium have itself message.
Photography was better suited to illustrative work and showed how it was not, after all, appropriate to painting.
Painting could now realize its true nature.
I think always art can’t development according to development technology.
By advancing camera, photography art shouldn’t grow.

#14。what kind of history? 1_1 (o711o6)

1.4.1 teleological accounts of new media

Cave paintings have many means, imagination, worship and to delivery information.
This sections deal with cave paintings through delivery.
So, the cave painting appears to hold the seeds of the fax machine, the computer network, the communications satellite and the mobile phone.
I had though cave painting meant a simple art or their hope.
Through this class, I know cave painting has many means.
But I question how we know their think long before.
The interactive telematics culture is more or less where we may be now at the beginning of the new millennium.
For years ago, the interactive telematics culture was photo.
But now, photo is not real thing, because we use various computer tools, photoshop, Illustrator.
The key concepts lead from an abstract system of logic, through the development of calculating machine, to the computer as a ‘medium’.
New media bring old media to some kind of concluding state for good or bad.
I think we have to select correct state in old media.
For comfortable, weak points of old media shouldn’t bring new media.

#13。change and continuity _2 (o711o1)

1.3.1 introduction & 1.3.2 measuring newness

‘Digital television’ is not a new medium, is old media.
On the other hand, new media are Immersive virtual reality, interactive multimedia or online.

Digital technologies that they employ ‘refashion older media’.
‘Refashion themselves to answer to the challenges of new media.’
It seems to us that there is an unassailable truth in this formulation.

I think new media is continuous with old media.
New media are no born in a vacuum and would have no resources to draw upon.
Continuation is very important!!!